Forces for continuity & change in Middle East

For students or non-specialist enthusiasts of the history of the Middle East ( also known as West Asia ), who also follow current events, it is essential to find out the continuities and changes in the region. 'Also, it is important to ask and answer the questions': What are the causes of continuities? What are the causes (and consequences) of changes ? Why do some countries in the region ( like Egypt ) change faster than other (such as Sauds' Arabia) even though they share the same faith''? Why is Iran more determined ( 'and perceived to be more successful' ) to develop science and technology than, 'for example, 'Sauds' Arabia ?